Part V: THEORY GUIDE Network

Cabling is a process of connecting the cables with its connectors. There are different kinds of cabling. The main two kinds of cabling are listing below:

1. Parallel or Straight through Cabling: - It is IEEE (Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers)-802 Standard cabling used for the different devices, such as Switch or Hub to the PC. Below is example of IEEE 802 Standard of Cabling: (100 Mbps).

2. Crossover Cabling: - The crossover cabling is used to connect the same devices such as from one Computer to another Computer, from one hub to another hub or from switch to switch.

Physical Network Setup

1. Two or more than two systems with Ethernet Controller (LAN Card) and its proper driver must be installed.

2. To establish the Network only in 2 systems then have a crossover cabling and to establish the Network in more than 2 systems with the help of central connectivity device (Switch/Hub/Router) then have parallel cabling for it.

3. Connect the one end of cable to the Switch/Hub/Router and another end of cable to the system NIC.

4. Now start the system and assign the Network Name, Workgroup, IP Address, and its Subnet Mask.

• Network ID must be same. (E g:; 192.168.1 …, 192.168.1 …, 192.168.1 …)
• Host ID (Computer ID) must be different. (E. g:; 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4 etc)
• Workgroup must be same. (E. g:; ICSIT)
• Subnet Mask must be same. (Eg:; 255.255.255.0)

Configuring IP Address and Subnet Mask

1. Right click on ‘My Network Places’.
2. Click on ‘Properties’.
3. Right click on ‘Local Area Connection’ and then choose ‘Properties’.
4. Choose ‘Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
5. Click on ‘Properties’
6. Define IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, Preferred DNS server, alternate DNS server according to Networking type.   
7. Examples:

Changing Workgroup Name and Domain Name

1. Right click on ‘My Computer’.

2. Click on ‘Properties’.

3. Click on ‘Computer Name’ Tab.

4. Click on ‘Change’ button.

5. Type ‘Workgroup Name’ or ‘Domain Name’ in the box.

6. Click on OK.

7. Type the Administrator name and its password (If ask by the System).

9. Click on OK / OK / OK / Yes.

10. Restart the Computer. (System must be restart)

Peer to Peer Network

Checking the Connectivity from DOS (Net DOS Command)

Click on Start/Run/Type CMD/ok. Type the following DOS Commands

1. Hostname:- It displays the name of Computer.

Syntax: Hostname 8

Eg:- C:\>Hostname 8

Syntax: Net View \\Computer Name Enter.

Eg:- Net View \\Server 8

2. Net User:- This command displays the list of the user currently available on the system.

Syntax: Net User /Options 8

Using the following syntax we can create the user from the command prompt.

Syntax: Net User <User Name> [Password] </Add> 8

Eg:-C:\>Net User Rabin password /Add 8

(Here, the User Name is ‘Rabin’ and Password is ‘password’).

Using the following syntax, the User Name can be delete.

Syntax: Net user <User Name> </Delete> 8

Eg:- C:\>Net User Rabin/Delete 8

3. Net View:- Displays a list of Computers in a specified Workgroup or the shared resources available on a specified Computer.

4. Ipconfig:- This command displays the IP address, Subnet Mask and Connection specific, DNS etc.

Syntax: Ipconfig /Options 8

Eg:- C:\>Ipconfig /All 8 (Displays the full configuration information)

5. Ping:- This Command checks the connectivity between the Systems on the Network.

Syntax: Ping <Computer Name/IP address> Enter.

Eg:- C:\>Ping Com1/C:\>Ping 192.168.0.1 8.

6. Net Send:- Sends messages to other users or computers on the Network, by using Computer Name or IP Address. The Messenger Service must be running to receive messages. To start Messenger Service, Follow the steps:

• Click on Start/Administrative Tools/Services or Start/Run/type Services.msc/ok. 
• Select Messenger service & Right click over it.
• Select Startup Type/Automatic/Start/Apply/Ok

Syntax: Net Send Computer Name/ IP Address Message 8

E.g:- c:\>Net Send Com1 hi8, Net Send 192.168.0.1 hi8

Instead of Network Name or the IP address, specifying the ‘*’ mark will send the message to all the hosts on the Network.

E.g:- c:\>Net Send * hi

7. Net Share:- Displays the list of shared drives and the folders on the system.

Syntax: Net Share 8

E.g:- C:\>Net Share 8

8. Net Time:- Displays the current Date & Time Server/Host Computer. (Typing Net Time without Server Name or Host Name Displays the Server Computers Date & Time)

 Syntax: Net Time \\Host Name 8

E.g:- C:\>Net Time \\Server  8

  

Setting Remote Desktop Connection (RDC)

1. Right click on ‘My Computer’.
2. Click on ‘Properties’.
3. Click on ‘Remote’ Tab.
4. Put check mark on ‘Allow users to connect remotely to this Network’ option.
5. Click on ‘Apply’/OK.

Starting Remote Desktop Connection

1. Start / Program / Accessories / Communication / Remote Desktop Connection or Start /Run /Type ‘mstsc’
2. Type the Computer Name or IP Address in the ‘Computer Name’ box.
3. Click on Connect Button.
4. Type User Name & Password. 
5. Click on OK.

* Note:

1. Computer must have Password for Administrator to run remotely.
2. The Computer that connected remotely will be automatically locked if the system is running from windows XP & if the system is running from windows 2003 Server, will be not disconnect. If the computer is locked it can be unlocked by the Administrator by using Password.

SHARING

It is a process to make drive or folders accessible with the Computers on the Network. A file can be shared automatically when it is inside a shared folder.

There are two kinds of sharing:

1. Visible Share: - The visible share can be viewed from any Computer on the Network.
2. Hidden Share: - To view the hidden share, we need to specify the share name followed with '$' sign.

All the hard disk drives are the default hidden share.

Sharing Process

1. Right click on the folder or the drive to share.
2. Click on ‘Sharing and Security’.
3. Click on ‘Share this folder’ radio button.
4. In ‘Share name’ box, type the share name or let the share name that is appeared by default.
5. Click on ‘Permissions’ button and click on ‘Full Control’ check box. In Windows 2000 OS, it is the default Full control permission.
6. Click on ‘Apply’/OK.
7. Click on ‘Apply’/OK. 

Viewing the Shared Drives or the Folders:

1. Right click on ‘My Computer’.
2. Click on ‘Manage’.
3. Click on ‘Shared Folders’.
4. Click on ‘Shares’.

Removing the Sharing

1. Right click on 'My Computer'.
2. Click on ‘Manage’.
3. Click on ‘Shared folders’.
4. Click on ‘Shares’.
5. Right click on the drive or the folder to remove the sharing.
6. Click on 'Stop Sharing'.
7. Click on 'Yes'.

Sharing Folder from Computer Management

1. Right click on My Computer/Manage.
2. Double click on ‘Shared Folders’.
3. Click on ‘Shares’.
4. Right click on the random spot on the right Task Pane.
5. Choose New/File Share/
6. Click on Next.
7. Click on ‘Browse’ & select the Drive or Folder to share.
8. Click on OK.
9. Type the Share name & Share Description in the box.
10. Click on Next 
11. Set the Kinds of Permissions.
12. Follow the Rest of the instructions/Finish.

Accessing a Shared Drive or Folder from a Host Computer

1. For Visible Shared Drive or Folder:

Go to ‘Run’ Window & type the following Syntax:

Syntax: \\Computer Name\Shared Drive or Folder Name

e.g. : \\Server\Backups (Here, Server is the Computer Name & ‘Backup’ is the Shared Drive or Folder name).

2. For Hidden Shared Drive or Folder:

Go to ‘Run’ Window & type the following Syntax:

Syntax: \\Computer Name\Shared Drive or Folder Name$

e.g. \\Server\D$ (Here, Server is the Computer Name & D$ is the Shared Drive).